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Andrew Arato
Andrew Arato ((ハンガリー語:Arató András) (:ˈɒrɒtoː ɒndraːʃ); born 22 August 1944, Budapest)〔Cohen, J. L. and A. Arato (1994). ''Civil Society and Political Theory''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.〕〔Arato, A. and E. Gebhard (1978). ''The Essential Frankfurt School Reader''. New York: Urizen Books.〕〔Arato, A. (2000). ''Civil Society, Constitution, and Legitimacy''. New York: Rowman and Little Field; Arato, A. (2009). ''Constitution Making Under Occupation: The Politics of Imposed Revolution in Iraq''. New York: Columbia University Press〕 is Dorothy Hart Hirshon Professor of Political and Social Theory in the department of sociology at The New School, best known for his influential book ''Civil Society and Political Theory'', coauthored with Jean L. Cohen. He is also known for his work on critical theory, constitutions, and has been from 1994 to 2014 co-editor of the journal ''Constellations''.
==Thought==
A distinct chronology defines Arato’s intellectual biography, which often parallels and was inspired by the evolution in thinking of opposition intellectuals in the former communist countries of Eastern Europe〔See the evolution Hungarian thinking detailed in Arato, “Marxism in Eastern Europe” in ''A Dictionary of Marxist Thought'', edited by Tom Bottomore (Blackwell, 1998).〕 and, most especially, in Hungary, the country of Arato’s birth.〔Arato’s close association with the Budapest School is recognized by Ágnes Heller and Ferenc Fehér in their 1987 book ''Eastern Left, Western Left''. Arato was involved in the evolution of thinking of Budapest intellectual circles “by virtue of his close contacts and active participation.” p. 39〕 At the same time, much of his work was hammered out in conjunction with his longtime intellectual partner Jean L. Cohen and strongly influenced by the philosophical and sociological work of Jürgen Habermas.
Arato’s intellectual itinerary can be simplified into four stages: It begins with efforts to revitalize Marxism by drawing on a Hegelian Marxist philosophy of “praxis.” In a second phase, Arato worked through the corpus of Western Marxian thinkers to construct a critical theory of state socialist societies. Phase three was marked by a turn to a post-Marxist emphasis on civil society as a moral and analytical category meant to further the project of democratization in both the East and West. Finally, in his latest work, Arato engages in comparative studies of recent constitution making and has developed a theory of “post-sovereign” constitution making.
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